Special Characters

Name Character Description
iexcl ¡ inverted exclamation mark
cent ¢ cent sign
pound £ pound sign
curren ¤ currency sign
yen ¥ yen sign (= yuan sign)
brvbar ¦ broken bar (= broken vertical bar)
sect § section sign
uml ¨ diaeresis (= spacing diaeresis); see German umlaut
copy © copyright symbol
ordf ª feminine ordinal indicator
laquo « left-pointing double angle quotation mark (= left pointing guillemet)
not ¬ not sign
reg ® registered sign ( = registered trademark symbol)
macr ¯ macron (= spacing macron = overline = APL overbar)
deg ° degree symbol
plusmn ± plus-minus sign (= plus-or-minus sign)
sup2 ² superscript two (= superscript digit two = squared)
sup3 ³ superscript three (= superscript digit three = cubed)
acute ´ acute accent (= spacing acute)
micro µ micro sign
para pilcrow sign ( = paragraph sign)
middot · middle dot (= Georgian comma = Greek middle dot)
cedil ¸ cedilla (= spacing cedilla)
sup1 ¹ superscript one (= superscript digit one)
ordm º masculine ordinal indicator
raquo » right-pointing double angle quotation mark (= right pointing guillemet)
frac14 ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter (= fraction one quarter)
frac12 ½ vulgar fraction one half (= fraction one half)
frac34 ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters (= fraction three quarters)
iquest ¿ inverted question mark (= turned question mark)
Agrave À Latin capital letter A with grave accent (= Latin capital letter A grave)
Aacute Á Latin capital letter A with acute accent
Acirc  Latin capital letter A with circumflex
Atilde à Latin capital letter A with tilde
Auml Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
Aring Å Latin capital letter A with ring above (= Latin capital letter A ring)
AElig Æ Latin capital letter AE (= Latin capital ligature AE)
Ccedil Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla
Egrave È Latin capital letter E with grave accent
Eacute É Latin capital letter E with acute accent
Ecirc Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex
Euml Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
Igrave Ì Latin capital letter I with grave accent
Iacute Í Latin capital letter I with acute accent
Icirc Î Latin capital letter I with circumflex
Iuml Ï Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
ETH Ð Latin capital letter Eth
Ntilde Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde
Ograve Ò Latin capital letter O with grave accent
Oacute Ó Latin capital letter O with acute accent
Ocirc Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex
Otilde Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde
Ouml Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
times × multiplication sign
Oslash Ø Latin capital letter O with stroke (= Latin capital letter O slash)
Ugrave Ù Latin capital letter U with grave accent
Uacute Ú Latin capital letter U with acute accent
Ucirc Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex
Uuml Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
Yacute Ý Latin capital letter Y with acute accent
THORN Þ Latin capital letter THORN
szlig ß Latin small letter sharp s (= ess-zed); see German Eszett
agrave à Latin small letter a with grave accent
aacute á Latin small letter a with acute accent
acirc â Latin small letter a with circumflex
atilde ã Latin small letter a with tilde
auml ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis
aring å Latin small letter a with ring above
aelig æ Latin small letter ae (= Latin small ligature ae)
ccedil ç Latin small letter c with cedilla
egrave è Latin small letter e with grave accent
eacute é Latin small letter e with acute accent
ecirc ê Latin small letter e with circumflex
euml ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis
igrave ì Latin small letter i with grave accent
iacute í Latin small letter i with acute accent
icirc î Latin small letter i with circumflex
iuml ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis
eth ð Latin small letter eth
ntilde ñ Latin small letter n with tilde
ograve ò Latin small letter o with grave accent
oacute ó Latin small letter o with acute accent
ocirc ô Latin small letter o with circumflex
otilde õ Latin small letter o with tilde
ouml ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis
divide ÷ division sign (= obelus)
oslash ø Latin small letter o with stroke (= Latin small letter o slash)
ugrave ù Latin small letter u with grave accent
uacute ú Latin small letter u with acute accent
ucirc û Latin small letter u with circumflex
uuml ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis
yacute ý Latin small letter y with acute accent
thorn þ Latin small letter thorn
yuml ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis
OElig ΠLatin capital ligature oe
oelig œ Latin small ligature oe
Scaron Š Latin capital letter s with caron
scaron š Latin small letter s with caron
Yuml Ÿ Latin capital letter y with diaeresis
fnof ƒ Latin small letter f with hook (= function = florin)
circ ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent
tilde ˜ small tilde
Alpha Α Greek capital letter Alpha
Beta Β Greek capital letter Beta
Gamma Γ Greek capital letter Gamma
Delta Δ Greek capital letter Delta
Epsilon Ε Greek capital letter Epsilon
Zeta Ζ Greek capital letter Zeta
Eta Η Greek capital letter Eta
Theta Θ Greek capital letter Theta
Iota Ι Greek capital letter Iota
Kappa Κ Greek capital letter Kappa
Lambda Λ Greek capital letter Lambda
Mu Μ Greek capital letter Mu
Nu Ν Greek capital letter Nu
Xi Ξ Greek capital letter Xi
Omicron Ο Greek capital letter Omicron
Pi Π Greek capital letter Pi
Rho Ρ Greek capital letter Rho
Sigma Σ Greek capital letter Sigma
Tau Τ Greek capital letter Tau
Upsilon Υ Greek capital letter Upsilon
Phi Φ Greek capital letter Phi
Chi Χ Greek capital letter Chi
Psi Ψ Greek capital letter Psi
Omega Ω Greek capital letter Omega
alpha α Greek small letter alpha
beta β Greek small letter beta
gamma γ Greek small letter gamma
delta δ Greek small letter delta
epsilon ε Greek small letter epsilon
zeta ζ Greek small letter zeta
eta η Greek small letter eta
theta θ Greek small letter theta
iota ι Greek small letter iota
kappa κ Greek small letter kappa
lambda λ Greek small letter lambda
mu μ Greek small letter mu
nu ν Greek small letter nu
xi ξ Greek small letter xi
omicron ο Greek small letter omicron
pi π Greek small letter pi
rho ρ Greek small letter rho
sigmaf ς Greek small letter final sigma
sigma σ Greek small letter sigma
tau τ Greek small letter tau
upsilon υ Greek small letter upsilon
phi φ Greek small letter phi
chi χ Greek small letter chi
psi ψ Greek small letter psi
omega ω Greek small letter omega
thetasym ϑ Greek theta symbol
upsih ϒ Greek Upsilon with hook symbol
piv ϖ Greek pi symbol
ensp   en space
emsp   em space
thinsp   thin space
ndash – en dash
mdash — em dash
lsquo ' left single quotation mark
rsquo ' right single quotation mark
sbquo ‚ single low-9 quotation mark
ldquo " left double quotation mark
rdquo " right double quotation mark
bdquo " double low-9 quotation mark
dagger † dagger, obelisk
Dagger ‡ double dagger, double obelisk
bull • bullet (= black small circle)
hellip … horizontal ellipsis (= three dot leader)
permil ‰ per mille sign
prime ′ prime (= minutes = feet)
Prime ″ double prime (= seconds = inches)
lsaquo ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation mark
rsaquo › single right-pointing angle quotation mark
oline ‾ overline (= spacing overscore)
frasl ⁄ fraction slash (= solidus)
euro € euro sign
image ℑ black-letter capital I (= imaginary part)
weierp ℘ script capital P (= power set = Weierstrass p)
real ℜ black-letter capital R (= real part symbol)
trade ™ trademark symbol
alefsym ℵ alef symbol (= first transfinite cardinal)
larr ← leftwards arrow
uarr ↑ upwards arrow
rarr → rightwards arrow
darr ↓ downwards arrow
harr ↔ left right arrow
crarr ↵ downwards arrow with corner leftwards (= carriage return)
lArr ⇐ leftwards double arrow
uArr ⇑ upwards double arrow
rArr ⇒ rightwards double arrow
dArr ⇓ downwards double arrow
hArr ⇔ left right double arrow
forall ∀ for all
part ∂ partial differential
exist ∃ there exists
empty ∅ empty set (= null set = diameter)
nabla ∇ nabla (= backward difference)
isin ∈ element of
notin ∉ not an element of
ni ∋ contains as member
prod ∏ n-ary product (= product sign)
sum ∑ n-ary summation
minus − minus sign
lowast ∗ asterisk operator
radic √ square root (= radical sign)
prop ∝ proportional to
infin ∞ infinity
ang ∠ angle
and ∧ logical and (= wedge)
or ∨ logical or (= vee)
cap ∩ intersection (= cap)
cup ∪ union (= cup)
int ∫ integral
there4 ∴ therefore sign
sim ∼ tilde operator (= varies with = similar to)
cong ≅ congruent to
asymp ≈ almost equal to (= asymptotic to)
ne ≠ not equal to
equiv ≡ identical to; sometimes used for 'equivalent to'
le ≤ less-than or equal to
ge ≥ greater-than or equal to
sub ⊂ subset of
sup ⊃ superset of
nsub ⊄ not a subset of
sube ⊆ subset of or equal to
supe ⊇ superset of or equal to
oplus ⊕ circled plus (= direct sum)
otimes ⊗ circled times (= vector product)
perp ⊥ up tack (= orthogonal to = perpendicular)
sdot ⋅ dot operator
lceil ⌈ left ceiling (= APL upstile)
rceil ⌉ right ceiling
lfloor ⌊ left floor (= APL downstile)
rfloor ⌋ right floor
lang 〈 mathematical left angle bracket (= bra)
rang 〉 mathematical right angle bracket (= ket)
loz ◊ lozenge

spades

 ♠ black spade suit
clubs ♣ black club suit (= shamrock)
hearts ♥ black heart suit (= valentine)
diams ♦ black diamond suit
ther4 ∴

therefore

box  \Box  necessity operator

□

Ɐ  

≡

≠

|

↔

∃

φ

cent ¢ cent sign
pound £ pound sign
curren ¤ currency sign
yen ¥ yen sign (= yuan sign)

Ā1

B̄1